Category: Civil Architecture > Lighthouse
District: Setúbal > Sesimbra > Castelo > Cabo Espichel
The Cabo Espichel Lighthouse stands on the western tip of Cabo Espichel, in the locality of Castelo, municipality of Sesimbra. Situated at an altitude of 168 meters above sea level, this location offers a privileged perspective over the vast expanse of the Atlantic Ocean. The surroundings are marked by a dramatic natural landscape, characterized by imposing cliffs and low-lying vegetation, which accentuate the lighthouse's isolation and grandeur as a beacon on the coast.
For centuries, the Portuguese coast was sometimes referred to as the "black coast" by foreign navigators, due to the absence of nocturnal signaling. The need to make navigation safer led the Marquis of Pombal to push for the construction of a network of lighthouses. The Cabo Espichel Lighthouse, whose main construction dates back to 1790, is one of the oldest in the country. There are records indicating the existence of a small precursor "farolim" as early as 1430, underscoring the long history of this promontory in assisting maritime navigation. More than two centuries after its construction, the lighthouse remains active and is a lasting symbol of Portugal's deep connection to the sea.
The structure of the Cabo Espichel Lighthouse consists of a hexagonal masonry tower that rises 32 meters high, flanked by symmetrical buildings. The ensemble displays a balance of proportions and a symmetry of design that give it a remarkable architectural unity. To reach the lantern, visitors climb a total of 135 stone steps, followed by 15 iron ones, culminating in an experience that reveals an expansive and memorable view of the ocean and the coastline.
The technology of the Cabo Espichel Lighthouse has evolved considerably over time. It began by being powered by olive oil, through Argand lamps, but in 1883 the system was modernized to use incandescent oil vapor. Currently, the lighthouse has been fully automated since 1989, emitting a white light that flashes three times every twelve seconds, with an impressive luminous range of 26 nautical miles, equivalent to about 48 kilometers. Inside, it is possible to observe historical equipment, such as the old oil vapor-powered machines and the clockwork system that served as an emergency rotation mechanism. The lighthouse also played a role in fog signaling, initially with a bell and later with a compressed air siren, which can still be seen on site, although it is no longer operational. Despite automation, the presence and continuous work of the lighthouse keepers are essential for the maintenance and safeguarding of this important maritime heritage, and the lighthouse's beam continues to be a vital reference point for local fishermen.
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt
Coordinates DD: 38.415585471429, -9.2163079142857
Coordinates DMS: 38°24'56.1"N 09°12'58.7"W