Church of Santa Cruz

Category: Religious Architecture > Church

District: Viana do Castelo > Viana do Castelo > Viana do Castelo > Santa Maria Maior e Monserrate e Meadela

Location

Located in the heart of Viana do Castelo, the Church of Santa Cruz is situated in Largo de São Domingos. Its central position in the city allows for easy integration into the itinerary of those exploring the local streets and urban life.

A Historical Legacy

The Church of Santa Cruz, also known as the Church of São Domingos, originated from the vision of Bartolomeu dos Mártires, a prominent figure who ordered the construction of the Convent of São Domingos in 1560. The construction of the church itself took place between 1566 and 1576, with the monastic complex being completed in 1571.

This temple holds significant historical and religious importance, having been recognized as a National Monument since 1910. More recently, in 2020, it was granted the classification of Minor Basilica, a testament to its continuing importance in the religious and cultural landscape. Inside, rest the mortal remains of D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires, a Saint Archbishop, known for his participation in the Council of Trent.

Architectural Features

The architecture of the Church of Santa Cruz is a notable example of the so-called "Plain Style" (Estilo Chão), a current distinguished by its sobriety and formal purity. The main façade, of Mannerist character, resembles an altarpiece and features three well-defined registers, with columns framing niches and sculptures. The initial design of this building is attributed to the Dominican Friar Julião Romero.

The church's plan is a Latin cross, with a single nave, and the chancel is notable for its rectangular main chapel. Articulated volumes and differentiated roofing, including domes on the towers, contribute to its imposing presence, marking Viana do Castelo's urban landscape with its solid and harmonious form.

The Artistic Richness of the Interior

Upon entering the Church of Santa Cruz, visitors are enveloped by the decorative richness that contrasts with the exterior's austerity. The interior reveals a profusion of altars adorned with gilded carving (talha dourada), in styles ranging from Mannerism, Baroque, and Rococo. The main chapel, in particular, features a national Baroque altarpiece, while the north arm of the transept houses the grand altarpiece of Our Lady of the Rosary.

This altarpiece of Our Lady of the Rosary, designed by André Soares and executed by José Álvares de Araújo in "bold carving" (talha gorda), is often cited as a masterpiece of the Rocaille style in Europe. In addition to the carving, the temple displays azulejo wainscoting in the nave and main chapel, dating from the late 17th century, further enriching the artistic ensemble.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt