Castro de São Caetano

Category: Archaeology > Hillfort

District: Viana do Castelo > Monção > Longos Vales > Guimil

Location

The Castro de São Caetano stands on a prominent hill, located in the rural area of Guimil, which belongs to the parish of Longos Vales, in the municipality of Monção. Its elevated position offers a comprehensive view over the surrounding landscape, particularly over the Ribeiro de Silvas valley, with the site covered by scrubland and pine forest, contributing to an environment of isolation and tranquility.

A Window to the Past

This fortified settlement is a testament to human presence spanning thousands of years. Its origin dates back to the Late Bronze Age, marking the first occupation of this strategic site. Subsequently, the 'castro' experienced a period of great dynamism during the Roman era, in the 1st century AD, before being abandoned at the end of the same century. Its historical importance is recognized through its classification as a National Monument since 1974.

Architecture and Daily Life

The Castro de São Caetano is characterized by a complex defensive system, composed of three lines of walls. These imposing structures were erected using granite ashlar stones, laid without mortar, demonstrating a robust construction technique for the period. Archaeological excavations have revealed the remains of dwellings that made up this proto-urban cluster. Circular and quadrangular constructions were found, many organized around paved courtyards, forming blocks that illustrate the spatial organization of the living quarters of the community that resided there.

The Enigmatic Rock Engravings

One of the most fascinating elements of the 'castro' is located in the upper part of the settlement, near the Chapel of São Caetano. There, a granite block reveals a set of rock engravings. These motifs, some serpentiform in shape, cup-marks, a horseshoe, and a quadrilateral with an internal grid, are testaments to the art and symbolism of those who lived here. Their interpretation continues to challenge researchers, adding a layer of mystery and intrigue to the visit.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt