Old Synagogue of Tomar

Category: Religious Architecture > Synagogue

District: Santarém > Tomar > Tomar > Colégio Nuno Álvares

Location and Historical Context

Located in the heart of the historic center of Tomar, on the old Rua da Judiaria (Jewish Quarter), the Synagogue of Tomar dates back to the 15th century. This building was an important place of worship for the Jewish community until the end of that century, when Jewish practice was prohibited in Portugal.

Origins of the Jewish Community in Tomar

The Jewish presence in Tomar began in the early 14th century, associated with the Order of the Temple and later with the Order of Christ. In the 15th century, the community grew significantly, reaching about 30 to 40% of the local population in certain periods.

Construction and Closure of the Synagogue

The synagogue was built by order of Prince Henry the Navigator, around 1430-1460, due to the increase in the Jewish population. However, it was closed in 1496, with the expulsion or forced conversion of the Jews decreed by King Manuel I.

Transformations of the Building

After its closure as a synagogue, the space had several uses: public jail, Christian hermitage, and even warehouse. In 1921, it was classified as a National Monument and later restored by Samuel Schwarz, who donated it to the State with the aim of housing a museum.

Architectural Features

, It is the only proto-Renaissance Jewish temple preserved in Portugal.

, The interior features a square plan with three naves, four central columns, and twelve corbels on the walls, symbolizing the twelve tribes of Israel.

, It includes a unique acoustic system with clay pots embedded in the walls.

, The old main door faces east, while the current entrance is simpler, facing north.

Mikvah and Excavations

During excavations, an adjacent room intended for the mikvah, the Jewish ritual bath, was found.

Abraão Zacuto Luso-Hebraic Museum

The space houses the museum, which includes:

, Books and objects related to Jewish tradition.

, Historical tombstones, such as one from Faro (1315) alluding to Rabbi Ioseph and another from Lisbon (1308), about the founding of the city's second synagogue.

Cultural and Tourist Importance

The Synagogue of Tomar is a landmark of Hebrew heritage in Portugal, offering visitors a perspective on the history and contribution of the Jewish community in the country.

Sources: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinagoga_de_Tomar

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt