Castle of Castelo de Vide

Category: Military Architecture > Castle

District: Portalegre > Castelo de Vide > Castelo de Vide

Location:

The Castle of Castelo de Vide rises on the highest point of the village, occupying a dominant position that offers wide views over the surrounding landscape and the white houses of the locality. Situated north of the Serra de São Mamede, its location has always been of great strategic relevance, given its proximity to the Spanish border.

Being at the castle allows the visitor a unique perspective on the region's geography and how the village developed around its defensive fortress. It is a privileged observation point to understand the relationship between the built environment and the natural surroundings.

A Long History:

The history of Castelo de Vide Castle dates back to medieval times, being a central element in the defence of Portuguese territory in the Alentejo border region. Although its exact origins are uncertain, its strategic importance grew, especially from the 13th century onwards, during a period of affirmation and consolidation of the kingdom.

It was during the reign of King Dinis, at the end of the 13th century, that more robust fortification works began. These constructions were continued and completed during the time of King Afonso IV, with this phase marked by an inscription dating from 1327. The castle was thus shaped over different eras, reflecting the defensive needs and the power of the monarchs who governed it.

Medieval Defensive Architecture:

Observing the castle, its structure adapted to the hill's relief is perceptible. It presents a quadrangular plan, reinforced by robust walls punctuated by square and circular based towers, typical elements of medieval military architecture.

Notable features include the Porta do Vilar (Vilar Gate), with its double-opening access, and the imposing Torre de Menagem (Keep), which is associated with the main gate. This tower, although it suffered damage over the centuries (including an 18th-century explosion that affected its original vault), maintains its strong presence and represents the defensive heart of the fortress. We can also glimpse vestiges of old balconies and windows in the walls, which provide clues about the life and functionality of the castle in the Middle Ages.

Adaptations Over Time:

The evolution of military techniques, particularly the advent of artillery, led to significant adaptations in the castle's structure. In the 17th century, during the Restoration War, modernizations were introduced to make the fortress more resistant to new weaponry. These works altered part of its medieval physiognomy, preparing it for a distinct war context.

Despite having faced sieges and occupations in subsequent periods of Portuguese history, the castle remained an important landmark. Its official deactivation in the 19th century marked the beginning of a period of abandonment, fortunately halted by its classification as a National Monument in 1910, an essential step for its preservation and recognition of its historical and architectural value.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt