Ajuda Astronomical Observatory

Category: Civil Architecture > Astronomical Observatory

District: Lisboa > Lisboa > Alcântara > Tapada da Ajuda

Location

The Ajuda Astronomical Observatory is nestled within the extensive green area of Tapada da Ajuda, a natural and urban space in the parish of Alcântara, Lisbon. Its elevated position on the Ajuda hills provides a unique setting, with open and panoramic views, including that of the Tagus River.

Integrated into this tranquil and historic environment, the Observatory is a point of interest that blends into the landscape of the Tapada complex, a place that combines nature with significant built heritage in the Portuguese capital.

A Celestial Legacy

The Observatory's history dates back to the mid-19th century, when King D. Pedro V, with an ambitious vision, commissioned the construction of this scientific institution. The architectural project, by the French architect Jean Colson, was inspired by the Pulkovo Observatory in Russia, reflecting the excellence and scientific rigor of the era.

Gradually completed between 1861 and 1878, the Ajuda Observatory established itself as the Portuguese National Observatory, playing a crucial role in astronomy and in defining the country's legal time. Its foundation reflected the desire to promote sidereal astronomy and deepen knowledge of the cosmos, through precise celestial measurements and understanding of the universe.

Architecture and Instruments

The Observatory's main building is a remarkable example of 19th-century scientific architecture, in neoclassical style. Its cruciform plan is notable for an octagonal central body crowned by an imposing iron revolving dome. In addition to this, there are two other smaller domes to the south and several observation rooms in the building's arms, equipped with high-quality scientific instruments for the time.

Inside, the central circular room impresses with its richly worked vault and the columns supporting the large equatorial refractor. The Observatory houses a valuable collection of about 200 scientific instruments, most of which are still in their original location and fully functional. These historic pieces of equipment, such as the renowned Meridian Circle, bear witness to the astrometry work that earned the institution international fame and allow for a fascinating journey through the history of science.

Scientific Landmark

Throughout its existence, the Ajuda Astronomical Observatory was a landmark institution, contributing significantly to astronomical knowledge, particularly in astrometry work that earned it international recognition. It participated in important scientific campaigns and was the birthplace of Portugal's legal time, a public service of historical relevance.

Currently integrated into the University of Lisbon, and part of the National Museum of Natural History and Science, the Observatory maintains its historical and patrimonial value. Its spaces, collections, and historical archives are accessible, inviting a discovery of astronomy and Portugal's scientific legacy.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt