Republic Square Fountain

Category: Civil Architecture > Spring / Fountain

District: Évora > Vila Viçosa > Vila Viçosa > Nossa Senhora da Conceição e São Bartolomeu

Location

This fountain is located in the heart of Vila Viçosa, in Praça da República, one of the most important squares in the town. Its central position, in a small roundabout at the confluence of busy streets, makes it a natural landmark in the urban environment. It stands at an elevation of approximately 361 meters, contributing to the welcoming and historical atmosphere of the center of the locality of Nossa Senhora da Conceição and São Bartolomeu.

Architectural Features

The design of this fountain is of a centralized type, featuring a simple and harmonious structure. It rests on a plinth of two square-based steps, from which emerges a dodecagonal basin, the result of a transformation at the end of the 19th century. From the center of the basin, an axial shaft in the shape of a bulbous baluster rises, supporting the fountain's main body. This is composed of two flattened calottes, joined by a torus molding, from which four tubular bronze spouts emerge, adorned with gargoyles that pour water into the basin. Topping the structure, an imposing obelisk, set on four marble spheres, is crowned by an oval finial. All its main structures are sculpted in white marble from Vila Viçosa, a noble material characteristic of the region.

A History in Motion

The history of the Praça da República Fountain is marked by various phases and relocations. Its original construction dates back to the 1630s, initiated by the 8th Duke of Bragança, future D. João IV, in Campo do Carrascal. At that time, the fountain, then with a quadrangular basin and a washing place, was intended for the public use of water from nearby springs. Over the centuries, it underwent several interventions, including the addition of protective low walls in 1640 and repairs in 1722. In 1886, it was moved to Praça Nova, which today we know as Praça da República, at which point its original basin was replaced by the current dodecagonal one. Its final position in the square, with the construction of the two-step plinth, occurred in 1940, solidifying its presence in its current location.

From Daily Use to Ornamental Element

Since its genesis, the fountain has played a vital role in the community's life. Initially, its function was essentially hydraulic, providing water for the population and, to some extent, for watering gardens, reflecting the importance of water management in past times. However, over time and with the evolution of urban infrastructures, its utility transformed. Currently, the Praça da República Fountain assumes a predominantly cultural and recreational role. With the constant gush of its spouts and its sculptural beauty, it serves as an ornamental element that beautifies the square, invites rest, and complements the historical ambiance of Vila Viçosa, being a point of interest that evokes the town's past.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt