Egitânia

Category: Archaeology > Architectural and Archaeological Ensemble

District: Castelo Branco > Idanha-a-Nova > Idanha-a-Velha

Location:

Egitânia, once a prosperous Roman and Visigothic city, is located today in the village of Idanha-a-Velha, municipality of Idanha-a-Nova. This area, marked by the presence of the Ponsul river, reveals an extensive set of archaeological remains that invite a discovery of the past. Its classification as a National Monument since 1997 underscores the site's relevance as a true open-air museum.

A Millenary Legacy

The history of Egitânia dates back to the end of the 1st century BC, with its foundation by the Romans, who established it as a city of great prosperity and wealth. It had a complex network of routes, including a land road and a river connection via the Ponsul river, essential for its activity. This region was a significant center for mining, with the extraction of tin, lead, and zinc, minerals that were processed locally and exported, boosting the city's economy.

In the 6th century, under Visigothic rule, Egitânia gained a new level of importance by becoming the seat of a vast diocese. It was at this time that an imposing cathedral was erected and gold coins were minted. Although the episcopal see was transferred to Guarda in the 12th century, the bishop of that city still holds the title of bishop of Egitânia today, attesting to the site's lasting historical influence. However, the Moorish occupation in 713 AD brought the destruction of the city and the end of Christian worship, and subsequent attempts at repopulation could not halt its decline.

Revealed Heritage

Archaeological excavations, which began in 1955, have revealed a vast heritage. The Roman walls, with a perimeter of about 750 meters, still show part of their semicylindrical towers and original gates, offering a perspective of the ancient defensive structure. Outside these walls, remains of a Roman bathhouse, a Visigothic basilica, and a Paleochristian baptistery were discovered, testimonies to the daily and religious life of different eras.

Other notable elements include the Roman bridge over the Ponsul river, with its five arches, and sections of Roman roads that once connected the city. In the heart of ancient Egitânia, on the podium of a Roman temple, stands a medieval tower, erected by the Templars, a point that marks the superposition of different historical periods. Pieces of decorative sculpture and the foundations of the Visigothic cathedral are also visible, highlighting the cultural and architectural richness of this site.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt