Fort of Saint John the Baptist

Category: Military Architecture > Fort

District: Braga > Esposende > Esposende > Esposende, Marinhas e Gandra

Location

The Fort of São João Baptista is located in the city of Esposende, integrated into the area of Marinhas and Gandra. Its position is strategic, on the right bank of the Cávado River's mouth, offering a wide perspective over the estuary and the Atlantic Ocean. This isolated location, by the seashore, allows for appreciation of the surrounding natural landscape and the dynamics of the bar.

Historical Memory and Architecture

Built between 1699 and 1704, during the reign of D. Pedro II, the Fort of São João Baptista was established with the mission to defend the entrance of the Cávado River, a vital point for the region's maritime security. Originally, its plan was in the shape of an irregular star, characterized by bastions and hexagonal sentry boxes. Over the centuries, the structure underwent adaptations, notably with the installation of the lighthouse, which altered part of its initial configuration to a more rectangular plan, while maintaining, however, the essence of a coastal fortress.

Inside the fort, there are buildings that served to support its military functions and, later, the lighthouse. The recognition of its historical and architectural value is underscored by its classification as a Property of Public Interest since 1982.

The Esposende Lighthouse

One of the most visible and symbolic elements of the Fort is the lighthouse, a cylindrical iron tower, painted red, which rises in the southwestern part of the structure. Installed in 1925, this lighthouse plays a crucial role in coastal navigation, emitting a light signal with a considerable range, guiding ships approaching the Esposende coast. Adjacent to the lighthouse is a two-story, yellow building, which historically served as housing for the lighthouse keepers, witnessing the life and work of those who ensured maritime safety.

A New Cultural Purpose

Currently, the Fort of São João Baptista is undergoing a phase of profound transformation, having been transferred to the purview of the Municipality of Esposende with the aim of being redeveloped and returned to public enjoyment. The ongoing project aims to transform the complex into a Scientific and Cultural Dissemination Center. This new space will house the Interpretation Center of the Northern Litoral Natural Park and a museum dedicated to the memory of D. Sebastião, in addition to areas for temporary exhibitions.

This rehabilitation represents a commitment to the valorization of local heritage, seeking to create a meeting point between military history, the importance of navigation, and the natural richness of the Minho coast, offering visitors a new way to interact with this emblematic location.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt