Roman Villa of Monte da Cegonha

Category: Civil Architecture > Museum

District: Beja > Vidigueira > Selmes > Poço Novo

Location

The Roman Villa of Monte da Cegonha is situated in the rural tranquility of Alentejo, specifically in the Poço Novo area, part of the locality of Selmes, in the municipality of Vidigueira. This setting places the site within a typical Alentejo landscape, characterized by vast fields and a serenity that invites contemplation of the history that unfolded here over centuries.

A Multisecular Heritage

This archaeological site unveils a fascinating overlay of epochs, revealing continuous human occupation extending from the early Roman period until at least the 12th century. Excavations have revealed a significant presence from the 1st to the 4th century, with clear indications of life during the later Visigothic era and also throughout much of the Islamic period. The Roman Villa of Monte da Cegonha is thus a testament to the adaptability and transformation capabilities of the communities that inhabited this region over time.

The Paleochristian Basilica: A Center of Faith and Adaptation

One of the most notable elements of the Roman Villa of Monte da Cegonha is its quadrangular-plan Paleochristian basilica. This building of worship is an example of the persistence of the Christian faith, having continued to serve a small Mozarabic community, Christians who lived under Islamic rule. The basilica underwent four construction phases, reflecting the needs and styles of different epochs. Although some studies suggest few significant alterations during the Islamic occupation, other investigations point to a remodeling of the interior space, with the creation of a false transept, using construction techniques from that period.

Traces of Daily Life

The study of materials discovered at this site offers a valuable window into the daily life of the populations who lived here. The archaeological findings, particularly the vast quantity of Islamic-era pottery, are crucial for understanding the life and activities that unfolded at the villa until the 12th century. Even simple fragments, such as those of dolium (large storage vessels) with graffiti (inscriptions), tell stories about ownership and daily use, enriching our knowledge of the economy and customs of the time.

License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt