Category: Archaeology > Shell Midden
District: Santarém > Salvaterra de Magos > Muge
- The Muge Shell Middens, discovered in 1863 by geologist Carlos Ribeiro, are the largest Mesolithic complex in Europe.
- These "artificial hills" were temporarily inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers, who engaged in shellfish gathering and other activities.
- Recognized for their historical and cultural significance, the Muge Shell Middens were classified as a National Monument in 2011.
- Shell Middens are places where shells have accumulated in large quantities over centuries. In addition to shells, animal remains, such as bones and fish skeletons, have also been found.
- These places were centers of daily and ritual activities, where generations left traces of their lives and beliefs.
- The Moita do Sebastião Shell Midden, with approximately 2500 m², revealed intriguing structures.
- The discovery of post holes indicated a semi-circular structure that served as shelter, protecting people from the wind.
- Combustion structures suggest the use for smoking and drying food, such as fish and meat.
- The Shell Middens also served as burial sites. Adults were buried in a fetal position, facing east, indicating beliefs in the afterlife.
- Some skulls exhibit signs of scalping.
- The children's necropolis reveals a symbolic value attributed to them, related to fertility.
- The huts were made of sticks and thatch, with internal divisions for beds and storage.
- They usually housed 8 to 10 people.
- Excavations have provided insights into family planning and everyday life structures at the site.
Coordinates DD: 39.102814778574775,-8.67508824370622
Coordinates DMS: 39°06'10.1"N 08°40'30.3"W
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